Windmill



(No Model.)

G. H. PATTISONI WIIDIVIILLI Patented N WITNESSES i @am Wm: M .I

lhvrrn STATES artnr rtree.

GEORGE H. PATTISON, OF FREEPORT, ILLINOIS.

WINDMILL.

.SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 308,375, datedNovember 25, 1884.

Application filed February 2U, 1884. (No model.)

T0 a/ZZ whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, GEORGE H. ParrrIsoN, a resident of Freeport, in thecounty of Stephenson and State of Illinois, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Vindmills, and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it pertains tomake and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in windmills of the class known aspower mills, in contradistinction from pumping-mills, and moreespecially to devices for overcoming or preventing` the tendency of thewind-wheel in mills of that class to go out of the wind in consequenceof the resistance of the work to be performed. rlhe mechanism employedfor this purpose is fully explained and described in the followingspecification, and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figurel is a central vertical sectioniof a windmill-tower and the mechanismconstituting my invention; Fig. 2, a central vertical section of asecondvtower and a slightly-modified form of the invention; Fig. 3, acentral vertical section of a modified form of a part of the gearingshown in Fig. l; Fig. 4, a plan of the arm a, collar T, and shaft M,shown in Fig. 3, and Fig. 5, a side elevation of the upright arm I),shown in section in Fig. 3.

In all the figures the arrows on the gears indicate motion in the samedirection as if they were shown in elevation instead of in section. Thusthe lower half of beveled gear F of the wind-wheel shaft is meant to berepresented as moving from front to rear, or away from the eye.

In Fig. l, A is a windmill-tower of ordinary form, D, the top plateattached rigidly thereto, and G the turn-table, in which the windwheelshaft c is j ournaled. lThe turn-table rests on a series ofanti-friction balls rolling in an annular groove in the upper surface ofthe plate D, the upper part of each ball resting in a correspondinggroove in the lower face of the turn-table. A vertical hollow shaft, M,whose axis is coincident with the vertical axis ofthe mill, is journaledat the upper end in the top plate ofthe turntable, and at the lower endin the upper end of a second vertical hollow shaft, M', provided with anintegrallyformed shoulder, m, which rests on a bearing, V, the bearing Vbeing supported by a central cross-timber, B.

On the inner end of the wind-wheel shaft c `is rigidly mounted amiter-gear, F, which engages with a similar gear, E, mounted rigidly onthe vertical shaft M, and also with a third gear, G, rigidly mounted ona sleeve, O, which turns freely on the shaft M.

At the lower end of the sleeve O is a mitergear, H, rigidly mounted onthe sleeve, and necessarily turning in the same direction as the gear G,mounted on the upper end of the sleeve; and on the lower end of theshaft M is a rigidly-mounted gear, L, which turns in the same directionas the gear E, which is mounted on the upper end of saidshaft. The gearL rests on the upper end of the shaft M, and thus supports the shaft M,to which it is fastened.

Immediately below the horizontal gear H, and engaging with it, is avertical beveled gear, I, mounted on a horizontal shaft, c, which isjournaled in a stationary bearing, f, and immediately below the verticalgear I, and engaging with it, is a double-faced beveled gear, J J,mounted loosely on the shaft M and turning freely about it.

Below the gear J J is a collar, o, surrounding the shaft M. A similarcollar, p, rests on the beveled gear L, and between the two collars o pis a sleeve, a', formed integrally with a horizontal shaft, a, on whichis loosely mounted a vertical beveled gear, K, which engages with thebeveled gear L, and the lower face, J', of the double gear J J. Thecollars op and sleeve a form a continuous sleeve, rest ing on the gearL, and supporting the double gear J J, which is thus held in engagementwith the vertical gear I. The outer end of the horizontal shaft c entersa vertical arm, l?, which is formed integrally with a crank, P, attachedto or formed integrally with the lower vertical shaft, M. As shown inFig. 1, the end of the shaft enters a hole of suitable size bored in thearm I). lt'may, however, enter a slot, S, in the arm, as shown in Fig.3, and since the weight of the shaft c and gear K is supported directlyby the gear L and shaft M it is unnecessary to make the arm P supportany part of it. The use of the slot renders any vertical binding of theparts impossible,

ICO

and for that reason I think it preferable to the form shown in Fig. l.

The movement of the mechanism shown in Fig. l so long as the wind-wheelturns on its axis without moving about the vertical axis of the mill isas follows: The gear F of the wind-wheel shaft turns in the directionindicated by the arrow on `the gear-that is, the lower half of the gearmoves from front to rear; therefore the left-handhalf of the gear E andthe right-hand half of the gear G move from front to rear, as indicatedby the respective arrows. lThe gear H on the lower end of the sleeve Omoves in the same direction as the gear G, and the gear L on the lowerend of the shaft M turns in the same direction as the gear E. The loosedouble gear J J being connected with the gear H by a single verticalbeveled gear, I, moves in a reverse direction from the gear H, andconsequently turns in the same direction and at the same speed as thegear L. rIhe consequence is that the gear K, which engages with thegears J L, has no rotation whatever on its horizontal axis, but isrotated about the vertical axis of the mill in the direction of rotationof the gears J L, carrying with it its shaft d, the vertical arm P, thecrank I, and

the vertical shaft M, to which the crank is` attached, and since thismotion of the shaft M is produced by the equal rotation in oppositedirections of the gears E G it follows that if power be applied directlyto the shaft M to rotate it the gears E G will thereby berotated at thesame speed in opposite directions, and that their rotation will turn thewindwheel about its horizontal axis without tending in any degree toturn it about the vertical axis of the mill, or, in other words, withouttending to carry vit out of the wind. On the other hand, if thewind-wheel be ro fated in either direction about the vertical axis ofthe mill, without turning on its shaft, it rotates the gears E G in thesame direction, and consequently the gears J L are turned in oppositedirections. rlhe result of this opposite frotation of the gears J L isthat the gear K turns on its horizontal shaft without tending to movearound the vertical axis of the mill. The foregoing explanation of theoperation of the mechanism shown in Fig. l may then be summarized asfollows: first, the rotation of the wind-wheel on its axis rotates thevertical shafts M M in the same direction; second, the rotation of thewind-wheel about the vertical axis of the mill rotates the shaft M, butnot the shaft M; third, the resistance offered. by the work to therotation of the shaft M tends to retard the motion of the wind-wheelabout its horizontal shaft, but has no tendency to move it about thevertical axis of the mill; fourth, the simultaneous rotation of thewind'wheel about its horizontal shaft and about the vertical axis of themill rotates the gear K about its horizontal shaft, and at the same timeabout the vertical axis of the mill, the comparative speed of the twomotions of the gear being determined by the relative speed of the twomotions of the wind wheel.

In the mill shown in Fig. 2 the arrangement of the tower, turn-table,wind-whee1 shaft, and vertical shafts M Mis substantially the same as inthe form shown in Fig. l. The gear F of the wind-wheel shaft, the gearsE L, mounted on the shaft M, the sleeve O, andthe gears G H, mountedthereon, and the gear I, which transmits motion from the gear H to thegear J, are all in the same relative positions as the similarly-letteredparts in Fig. 1. The face J of the double-beveled gear J J is on thesame side of the gear as' the face J instead of on the opposite side, asin the form shown in Fig. l. The gears L J rotate in the same directionwhen the wind-wheel turns on its shaft, and thus carry the gear K aboutthe vertical axis of the mill and rotate the shaft M. The shaft a onwhich the gear K is mounted is formed integrally with the shaft M', orrigidly fastened to it without the interposition of the vertical arm l?and crank P shown in Fig. l. The operation of the mechanism is preciselythe same as that of the device shown in Fig. l, but in the form shown inFig. 2 the gears J K L are within the rectangle formed by the gears' H IJ, instead of below the corresponding gears, as shown in Fig. l.

In the mill shown in Fig. 2 the shaft M is supported by means of acollar, s, rigidly attached to it and resting on the bearing V, in whichthe shaft lv is journaled, and the shaft M is supported by means of thegear L, which is rigidly fastened to it and rests on the upper end ofthe shaft M. In both the mills shown the bearing V of the shaft M andthe bearing f of the horizontal -shaft c are formed ofa single casting.This is not essential, of course, but adds materially to the rigidity ofthe frame and to the smoothness of the oper ation of the gearing. Inboth the mills, also, the hollow shafts M M lie in the same verticalline and form a continuous tube. This is a very important advantage,since the cord for drawing the mill out of the wind can pass downwardfrom the mill to the ground through the tube, and works much freer thanwhen it passes through a tortuous and obstructed course. I consider itpreferable, also, to take the power from the vertical shaft M at thebase ofthe mill rather than to transmit it first from the vertical to ahorizontal shaft and thence to the ground by means of a belt, as isdonein many mills of this general class. Having now described my inventionand explained its operation, whatI claim as new, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, is-

l. In a windmill of the class described, the combination of thewind-wheel shaft, two independently-journaled and independently-rotatingvertical shafts, and gearing, constructed substantially as described,and connecting said wind-wheel shaft with said vertical shafts,respectively, whereby the rotation of the wind IOO 'IIO

wheel shaft in its bearing rotates said vertical shafts in the samedirection.

2. In a windmill of the class describen?, the

combination of the wind-wheel shaft, two independently-rotating verticalshafts lying in the same straight line, and gearing, constructedsubstantially as described, and connecting said wind-wheel shaft andsaid vertical shafts, respectively, whereby the rotation of saidwindwheel shaft in its bearing rotates said vertical shafts in the samedirection and at the same rate of speed.

3. In a windmill ofthe class described, the combination of thewind-wheel shaft, two independently-journaled vertical shafts standingin the same straight line, and gearing connecting said wind-wheel shaftwith said vertical shafts, respectively, whereby the rotation of thebearing of the wind-wheel shaft about the vertical axis of the millrotates the upper of said vertical shafts, but not the lower.

4. In a windmill of the class described, the combination of thewind-wheel shaft, two independently-journaled vertical shafts lying inthe same straight line, and gearing connecting said wind-wheel shaftwith said vertical shafts, respectively, whereby the simultaneousrotation ofthe wind-wheel shaft in its bearing and of the bearing aboutthe vertical axis of the mill rotates said vertical shafts in the samedirection, but Vat different rates of speed.

5. In a windmill ofthe class described, the combination of thewind-wheel shaft, two independently journaled vertical shafts, andgearing connecting said wind-wheel shaft with said vertical shafts,respectively, whereby the rotation of said wind-wheel shaft in itsbearing rotates said vertical shaftsin the same direction, and wherebythe rotation of the bearing of the wind-wheel shaft about the verticalaxis of the mill rotates the upper but not the lower of said verticalshafts.

6. In a windmill of the class described, the combination of thewind-wheel shaft, two independently-journaled vertical shafts lying inthe same straight line and coincident with the axis of the mill, thelower of said vertical shafts being the power-transmitting shaft oftheinill, and gearing connecting said wind-wheel shaft and said lowervertical shaft, whereby the reaction of the work upon said lowervertical shaft tends to retard the motion of the wind-wheel on its.horizontal shaft, but not to rotate it about the vertical axis ofthemill.

7. The combination of the wind-wheel shaft c, vertical shafts M M',beveled gear L, rigidly mounted on the shalt M, and beveled gear Jloosely mounted thereon, beveled gear K, engaging with said gears J Land connected with the shaft M by means adapted to insure their uniformrotation about the vertical Vaxis ofthe mill, and gearing connecting thewindwheel shaft c with said gears J L, respectively, whereby therotation of the wind-wheel shaft in its bearing -rotates said gears J Lin the same direction and carries the gear K about the vertical axis ofthe mill, and whereby the rotation of the bearing `1of the wind- Vwheelshaft about the vertical axis of the mill rotates said gears J L inopposite directions, and thus rotates said gear K on its axis..

8. The combination of the wind-wheel shaft c, verticalpower-transmitting shaft M aloosely-inounted gear-wheel freeto rotateabout the vertical axis-ofi the mill, and connected with the shaft M bymeans adapted to insure their uniform rotation, and gearing connectingsaid wind-wheel shaft with said loosely-mounted gear, whereby therotation of said wind-wheel shaft in its bearing rotates said gear-wheelabout the vertical axis of the mill, and whereby the rotation of thebearing of the windwheel shaft about the vertical axis of the millrotates said gear-wheel on its axis.

9. The combination of the wind-wheel shaft c, vertical shaft M, looselymounted gearwheel K, free to-rotate about the shaft M, and gearingconnecting said wind-wheel shaft and said gear-wheel K, whereby therotation of the wind-wheel shaft in its bearing rotates said gear-wheelabout the shaft M, and whereby the rotation of the bearing of thewind-wheel shaft about the vertical axis of the mill rotates saidgear-wheel on its own shaft, substantially as shown and described, andfor the purpose set forth.

l0. The combination ofthe wind-wheel shaft c, vertical shaft M, andsleeve O, rotating thereon, beveled gear F, mounted on said wind-wheelshaft, beveled gears E G, mounted on the upper ends of the shaft M andsleeve O, respectively, and engaging with said beveled gear F,gear-wheel L, mounted on the lower end of thc shaft M, and engaging witha loosely-mounted gear-wheel free to rotate IOO about the vertical axisof the mill, gear-wheel H, mounted on the lower end of the sleeve O, andengaging with a gear-wheel loosely mounted on a stationary shaft, and agear-wheel loosely mounted on the shaft M, and connecting theloosely-mounted gear-wheels which engage with the gears H L,respectively, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

1l. The combination ofthe wind-wheel shaft c, vertical hollow shafts MM,forming a straight continuous tube, and gearing, substantially asdescribed, connecting the wind-wheel shaft with said vertical shafts,respectively, whereby the rotation of said wind-wheel shaft in itsbearings rotates said shafts M M in the same direction. l

12. The combination of the gear-wheel I, mounted on'a shaft journaled ina stationary bearing, gearing engaging said gear-wheel at one point andconnecting it with the wind.

wheel shaft, and gearing engaging with said gear-wheel at an oppositepoint and connecting it with the vertical power-transmitting shaft ofthe mill, substantially as shown and described, and for the'purpose setforth.

13. The combination of the shaft M, shaft a, sleeve a', formedintegrally with the shaft a, and turning freely on the shaft M, andgearwheel K, mounted on the shaft a, substantially as shown anddescribed, and for tbe purpose are journaled, substantially as shown andde set forth. v scribed, and for the purpose set forth.

14. The combination of the shaft c, vertical In testimonywhereoflhuvesigned tliisspeeishaft M, and gears E F G H I J J K L, allcation in presence of two subscribing wit- 5 constructed, combined, andoperating substannesses.

tially as shown and described and for the purpose Seb forth. v GEORGE H.PA'lTiSON.

15. The combination of the horizontal shaft XNTitnesses:

e, the vertical poWer-trausmitting shaft M', R. H. W'ILES,

1o and the single casting V, in which said shafts XVALLACE GREENE.

